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Questions to everybody who reads this post:
How big of a percentage of raw food versus cooked food do you eat ?
Are you concerned about oxalates such as Oxalic acid in (raw) spinach ?
How big of a percentage of raw food versus cooked food do you eat ?
Are you concerned about oxalates such as Oxalic acid in (raw) spinach ?
Pocket Guide to Kidney Stone Prevention: Dietary and Medical Therapy
edited by Manoj Monga, Kristina L. Penniston, David S. Goldfar
Springer, Nov 1, 2014
Given that humans have long depended on bacteria to regulate oxalate degredation, it makes sense that a healthy gut "microbiome" (outnumbering the host's own genes 150-fold) ( 8 ) could reduce oxalate absorption and urinary excretion. However, disruptions in the host-microbe environment are common and may include antibiotic use, a diet suboptimal for prebiotic material (food providing non-digestible matter required by bacteria as a substrate), altered GI physiology, and inflammatory bowel diseases, especially those that shorten gut transit time.
8. Wu GD, Lewis JD. Analysis of the human gut microbiota and association with disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepat. 2013; 7:774-7
Oxalate Degradation by Gastrointestinal Bacteria from Humans
MILTON J. ALLISON, HERBERT M. COOK, DAVID B. MILNE, SANDRA GALLAGHER AND RALPH V. CLAYMAN
J. Nutr. 116: 455-460, 1986.
http://jn.nutrition.org/content/116/3/455.full.pdf (http://jn.nutrition.org/content/116/3/455.full.pdf)
ABSTRACT Anaerobic bacteria that metabolize oxalic acid have only recently been isolated from the rumen and from other gastrointestinal habitats. They constitute a new genus and species, Oxalobacter formigenes. This report presents the first comparison of cultural counts of these organisms from human feces and indicates that numbers as high as 107/g may be present in feces from normal humans. Rates of oxalate degradation by mixed bacterial populations in feces from seven normal humans ranged from 0.1 to 4.8 /imol/(g- h). With fecal samples from eight patients that had undergone jejunoileal bypass surgery, rates were much lower [0-0.006 ^mol/(g-h)]. We propose that oxalic acid degradation by Oxalobacter formigenes may influence absorption of oxalate from the intestine and that lower rates or lack of oxalate degradation in the colons of jejunoileal bypass patients may contribute to the increased absorption of dietary oxalate and the hyperoxaluria commonly associated with such patients.
Probiotics and Other Key Determinants of Dietary Oxalate Absorption
Michael Liebman and Ismail A. Al-Wahsh
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
http://advances.nutrition.org/content/2/3/254.full (http://advances.nutrition.org/content/2/3/254.full)
... Oxalate degradation by oxalate-degrading bacteria within the GIT is another key factor that could affect oxalate absorption and degree of oxaluria. Studies that have assessed the efficacy of oral ingestion of probiotics that provide bacteria with oxalate-degrading capacity have led to promising but generally mixed results, and this remains a fertile area for future studies.
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Inna Sekirov , Shannon L. Russell , L. Caetano M. Antunes , B. Brett Finlay
Physiological ReviewsPublished 1 July 2010Vol. 90no. 3, 859-904DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2009
http://physrev.physiology.org/content/90/3/859 (http://physrev.physiology.org/content/90/3/859)
In addition to the microbiota's contribution to metabolism of medicines administered with therapeutic purposes, it also has the ability to metabolize certain dietary compounds into metabolically active forms that proceed to influence various aspects of host health. For instance, gut Bifidobacterium strains conjugate dietary linoleic acid (223), which has a wide variety of biological effects (45). Oral microbiota was required for reduction of dietary nitrate to biologically active nitrite (235). Additionally, Oxalobacter formigenes has the ability to degrade dietary oxalates, reducing urinary oxalate excretion (275), which prompted its successful use in clinical trials as a therapeutic and prophylactic option in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and associated renal failure (124). Furthermore, gut inhabitants can prove invaluable in preventing adverse outcomes following inadvertent environmental exposure to toxic compounds: the toxicity of hydrazine, a highly toxic compound used in a variety of industrial processes, is greatly reduced by the gut microbiota (302).
This looks interesting:
Welcome !
100% raw since January 1987.
No, I’m not concerned. I sometimes eat a bit of spinach as long as it is palatable.