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Messages - PaleoPhil

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101
General Discussion / Re: Something new
« on: June 10, 2015, 06:06:42 am »
If you haven't done it in a long while, I would suggest getting a blood test to check some health markers and see if you can glean any clues as to why you became so ill.

One thing I would check is vitamin D level, which is commonly low in modern societies and that can contribute to infection susceptibility. My own vitamin D level fell to a very low level on raw Paleo, which I had no way of knowing until it was tested, and I was able to get it up to within the normal range on my last test. I'm not saying that applies to anyone else, just that it's good to get some objective tests of health markers now and then, because there can be hidden issues one doesn't know about, even when one feels great.

Another test to consider is a comprehensive metabolic panel. I've noticed that VLCers tend to have some suboptimal results on that test--and I had some out-of-range results on a metabolic panel when I was VLC Paleo (all since normalized after diversifying my diet).

I'm not trying to imply that tests are the be-all and end-all, just that they can sometimes provide some clues. Good luck!

102
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 10, 2015, 05:53:01 am »
I have no choice but to use a thermostat at 20 degrees Celsius outside the summer months  as I do not live alone. Were I alone, I would likely use a thermostat  at, at most,  10 degrees celsius in the dead of winter(5 is minimum so as to avoid bursting the pipes with ice).
OK, so if the outdoor temp fell significantly below your preferred 10 celsius, such that your clothing wasn't enough to keep you roughly at that temp, and you needed to stay outdoors and had to stand or sit for some reason (so that you couldn't keep warm by running about), say to carve, distribute and eat food, speak with tribesmembers, or some such thing, then would you adjust with an external warming factor, such as additional clothing or fire?

103
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 09, 2015, 06:25:23 pm »
Tyler and Roguefarmer, do you set a thermostat in your home or workplace? If so, what temperature do you set it to?

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General Discussion / Re: Something new
« on: June 09, 2015, 05:37:08 am »
Sounds like it. If so, then that's a relief and congrats. Fingers crossed.

105
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 09, 2015, 05:31:11 am »
My opinion on cold adaptation probably lies between the two poles (pardon the pun :) ). I generally find actionable things I can do to be the most interesting and fruitful (another pun) for both me and my friends and family. The most interesting thing to me is that Wim Hof, Tibetan monks, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Ray Peat, Ray Cronise, Jack Kruse, Swedes, Fuegans, Homo erectus, Neanderthals and others have shown that the ability of hominins to adapt to cold and heat is greater than most people imagine.

The naked mole rat may actually provide some clues on how to live a healthier, more vibrant life, and slow or even some day reverse aging: http://raypeat.com/articles/articles/co2.shtml

Ironically, my hunch is that tropical fruits in moderation help with both temperature adaptation and slowing aging.

106
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 08, 2015, 07:04:02 pm »
I am not disputing that some Neanderthal variations lived in the Middle-East etc. However, at least some/many  of the more northerly Neanderthals do indeed  seem to have lived in/on the glacial areas during Ice-Age Europe, far away from any non-glacial areas, given permanent settlements found there.
My clarification was much more minor than that. What I meant is, and perhaps what you meant but was not fully clear in your wording, was that they did not live literally on the glaciers, but adjacent to them, benefitting from the water runoff from them, which fed the grasses, which fed the animals, which then fed the hominins.

Quote
I find Wim Hof fascinating. Thanks for reminding me re him, I think you brought him first to my attention ages ago. There was a wonderful SF story by Poul Anderson "The Sensitive Man" which describes a possible future in which humans are able to fully control their heart-beat or enhance their senses and basically control every normally automatic aspect of their body to the point where they can attain amazing feats of  superhuman strength etc.
It probably was me. Fascinating stuff from Poul Anderson. I suppose Wim is something of an example of his Sensitive Man, for Wim can indeed control some of his bodily functions, such as his immune system and body temperature (as can some Tibetan monks, from whom Wim learned).

Quote
No to the first point if it involves very widely different foods(ie from meats to grains).And no to the 2nd point as types of food are more important. I am sure that my body can easily deal with African nonpoisonous berries than cassava for example.
OK, though tropical fruits, such as the fig example, seem to be more the topic of the OP and they don't appear to require nearly as much adaptation even in their raw state and I don't think it would be particularly controversial to say in scientific or most other circles that Europids are still fairly well adapted to eating figs and other tropical fruits and many do eat them without problems. Of course, a minority do experience problems with them even in small amounts, which doesn't mean that applies to all.
 
I share your bias against 100% raw veganism and fruitarianism and agree that diets won't solve all problems.
 
Quote
I have had to admit that when I am in ketosis, such as when water-fasting or eating only raw animal foods, that my concentration/alertness levels are much, much higher.
That also occurs during fasting and starvation and I have seen it argued that ketosis is a sort of pseudo-starvation.

Your serving as the voice of the underdog does at least promote discussion.

107
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 08, 2015, 04:54:29 am »
A hunch. It seems to me that evolution would have made it  relatively easy for species to adapt to different foods, as continued survival was so important. If it were more difficult, then one would have expected the Neanderthals to spend little time on the glaciers and go migrating to warmer climes.
Interesting hunch, and I've wondered about how much of a factor regional adaptations are too. Yet adapting to a new food is not the same thing as losing an existing adaptation to a food. From what I've read, once species are well adapted to a food, they don't tend to lose that adaptation for a long time to come, especially if there are microbes that help them utilize the food, and particularly when the food does not contain high levels of toxins, such as with fruit, which you yourself have pointed out multiple times. This would help explain how the Inuit were able to gorge on berries in the summer without a problem from the carbs. It also may help that mother's milk tends to be fairly carby (I have seen reports of roughly 40% carbs on avg, though it varies depending on the mother's diet and other factors), thus keeping a carby element in every diet, along with fresh liver and other sources.

BTW, I read that the most northerly Neanderthals and others didn't live on the glaciers. Rather, they lived near them, in the grass-lush areas fed by the mineral-rich waters of melting glaciers. It's a minor point, but I know that you value precision in your language, so I thought I'd try to help.

I do know about the Fuegians and also the Ice Man Wim Hof. Through them and my own personal experience I know that some cold adaptation is possible, even in the very short term. JeuneKog and Iguana were also correct that the Fuegians also used other warming strategies besides diet, like fire, and also squatting, huddling, and animal skins in the coldest weather, and also tended to stay near the coasts, benefiting from the warming effects of the ocean. It remains to be proven that the partial cold adaptation they developed made tropical fruits a harmful food for them (or any other population).

I know it's only an n=1, but I've actually found that since I learned of a way to improve my carb tolerance somewhat and incorporate more carby and prebiotic-rich foods into my diet, including some tropical fruits (and my past comments show I was skeptical of the degree of tropical-fruit love of the Instinctos and Wai dieters--I still think they may tend to overdo it and I don't think that tropical fruit are a necessity for reasonably good health, but I feel less strongly about it now and I understand better some of the logic behind their claims) that my cold tolerance has actually improved, rather than worsened, and my body temperatures throughout the day tend higher (granted there is the confounding factor of my cold-training, but it is much less intensive than what Wim Hof does). It wasn't something I would have expected in the past, because when I first greatly increased my fat intake and greatly lowered my carbs, I felt warmer (but that effect gradually wore off and I slowly became colder again). There are few people on this planet more Europid than me. If I can find a way to tolerate some tropical fruits, then I suspect that most people can, though this is also just a hunch. Who knows what fate will befall me down the road.

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I do not claim that Europids, as a whole have a higher body-temperature than Negroids. But perhaps a few Europids have some Neanderthal characteristics which help them to withstand heat more? it is simple logic. I was pointing out that if it takes such a long, difficult effort to adapt to African or non-African foods or whatever, then other physical changes caused by adaptation to the different climates would have also occurred by then as well.
Pardon me, but now I'm confused. Do you think "it's relatively easy for species to adapt to different foods" or that "it takes such a long, difficult effort to adapt to African or non-African foods or whatever"?

One reason I'm a bit skeptical of your hunch is that I have a higher-than-avg level of known Neanderthal genes, and below-avg glucose tolerance, yet I'm nonetheless able to eat some tropical fruits and have been eating more of them in recent months, and my overall health markers were actually improved in my last lab test. Maybe this only applies to me, but then again, maybe not. When I see other Europids, such as Brady,  Danny Roddy, Yuri, Yuli, Miles, Lowenherz, Stas86, Klowcarb, and others struggling in the longer term with VLC/ZC/keto and reporting improvements after moderating their diets, plus accumulating scientific research and my own experience, it adds up to be enough to admit that my hunch was wrong in my early comments of this forum that humans, or at least Europids like me, might be best described as facultative carnivores. I think you argued at the time that omnivore was a more accurate descriptor (perhaps in part because you were focused with arguing against William and other VLCers)? If so, I think you were right and I was wrong, assuming no big contradictory revelations in future scientific research.

108
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 07, 2015, 04:49:00 am »
It depends which Neanderthals. Those on the glaciers would not have been likely to have eaten figs and would have been far more cold-resistant, by implication.
Do you have any evidence to share of sufficient genetic or other differences in more northerly Neanderthals that caused them to lose the ability to tolerate the tropical fruits that the Middle Eastern Neanderthals likely consumed, or is it a hunch?

I had pointed out that if  the cold-dwelling Neanderthals had developed a genetic resistance to the cold(eg;- higher average body-temperature etc.) then fur would never have been needed. Similiarly, adaptation to tropical plants would vanish as soon as hominids left Africa since survival would necessitate adaptation.
So given that, then if your claim is that Europids are quite alike Neanderthals who lived "on the glaciers" and quite different from Negroids, then are you also consistently claiming that the avg. body temperatures of Europids are much higher than for Negroids? A difference of a few degrees wouldn't offset the dramatic differences in temperatures between glacial areas (which can fall below minus 50 C) and tropical areas (which can exceed 40 C).

BTW, the part about "adaptation to tropical plants would vanish" is a non sequitur, as is this and some others you made:
Quote
Quote from: TylerDurden on Today at 02:21:23 PM
It's quite simple. For us humans to be all adapted only to African foods, we would also have to be adapted to Africa in other ways, such as by having darker skin-colour, or longer limbs by comparison to the body(a heat-loss mechanism that  Sub-Saharan Negroes take advantage of) etc.etc. We do not have these characteristics, ergo we are not specially adapted to african foods.
Where is the hard evidence? Your believing this so doesn't make it so. I know of no scientists, not even the proponents of the multi-regional model, who claim this.

109
General Discussion / Re: Are we more adapted to certain fruits?
« on: June 06, 2015, 10:52:20 pm »
Speaking of Neanderthals, they are one of the hominins for which there is evidence of fig consumption:

Quote
The study of plant remains is helping to correct the “meat fixation” of past subsistence studies (Madella et al. 2002:704). Madella and colleagues examined phytoliths from Amud cave in Israel and determined that Neandertals used plant materials extensively, not only for fuel and bedding but also for food. Palm and Moraceae phytoliths suggested consumption of palm fruits and figs, while the morphology of many herbaceous phytoliths suggested that Neandertals might have gathered wild cereals. Lev et al. (2005) identified carbonized plant remains from Kebara Cave, Israel. They concluded that Neandertals at Kebara were probably consuming a significant amount of legumes. Acorns, pistachios, and fruits may also have constituted a significant part of the diet, at least in the fall. There was no evidence of root plant foods and very little evidence for the use of cereals. Overall, Lev et al. concluded that subsistence at Kebara included broadspectrum plant foraging and that the occupants may have been able to live at the site year round. These analyses of plant remains suggest considerable complexity in Neandertal foraging, including extensive use of a variety of plant materials when these were available.

... The large molar size in Neandertals also suggested that their diet caused more attrition than the Inuit diet, possibly indicating a greater proportion of plant food in the Neandertal diet (Spencer and Demes 1993).

Source: Neandertal Man the Hunter: A History
of Neandertal Subsistence
ELSPETH READY
http://web.stanford.edu/~eready/Ready_2010vav.pdf

110
glad to be of service

112
Health / Re: Best ways to get rid of parasites? Humaworm?
« on: June 05, 2015, 06:06:14 am »
 :) Just teasing.

113
Health / Re: Best ways to get rid of parasites? Humaworm?
« on: June 04, 2015, 09:39:21 am »
All you need to do is do what I did:- identify which parasite you have, go to your doctor, get a prescription for the relevant drug which will kill off the relevant parasite, then pop the pills as recommended and voila.
Groovy, pill popping is the way to go!  ;)


114
Oh, oh! Tyler's gonna hate this one. Bad chimps!  ;D

Chimps Would Cook if Given the Chance, Research Says
JUNE 2, 2015
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/03/us/chimps-can-cook-a-mean-potato-research-says.html?_r=0

115
General Discussion / Re: Something new
« on: June 03, 2015, 05:45:36 am »
The closest things I have had in the past to your experience are probably viral/bacterial infection, such as influenza and food poisoning.

I ran your symptoms through a symptom checker and food poisoning did come up as one of the top hits:

http://symptoms.webmd.com/#introView

Reported symptoms:
Headache: head felt like there were needles in it, pressure behind eyes
Neck pain and stiffness
Back pain
Diarrhea
Vomiting green liquid (if accompanied by abdominal pain, it could be due to small bowel obstruction)
Dehydrated (only similar symptom in the listing is dry mouth)

Some of the potential causes that were generated:
Viral gastroenteritis
Food poisoning
Irritable bowel syndrome
Gastroenteritis
Kidney stones
Salmonella

116
General Discussion / Re: Something new
« on: June 02, 2015, 11:20:59 am »
This does indeed sound serious. Like Francis said, please seek professional help rather than rely on the guesses of strangers on the Internet.

117
Primal Diet / Re: Raw Unheated Honey
« on: June 01, 2015, 07:05:56 pm »
I'm not sure about the other fruits you named, but the lemons I know absolutely do ripen.
You don't have to take my word for it, if you check sources you'll find that lemons and cherries are listed as nonclimacteric and as not truly ripening after harvest. Here's an example:

"Most nonclimacteric and some climacteric products do not ripen after harvest, such as apples, berries, cherries, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, limes, oranges, strawberries, tangerines, and watermelon In nonclimacteric commodities, quality is optimal at harvest." (Source: Minimally Processed Refrigerated Fruits & Vegetables, edited by Robert C. Wiley, Springer Science & Business Media, Dec 6, 2012)

Lemons and cherries and other nonclimacteric fruits do soften and become less tart after picking, but that's reportedly not necessarily the same as true ripening.

I prefer fresher lemons. The lemons I buy are yellow and tasty at the time of purchase and to me get mushy and bland over time. I like tartness, so that may help explain our different preferences.

It puzzled me that the acidity of lemons never seemed to give me as much problems as orange juice. Perhaps that's because OJ is normally pasteurized and stored, whereas lemons are a raw whole fruit and fresher. I did notice that oranges and fresh-squeezed OJ were not as much of a problem for me either. I'm not a big fan of oranges, though, unfortunately. Maybe I got used to the strong flavor of OJ in my youth so that whole oranges seem bland in comparison.

118
Primal Diet / Re: Raw Unheated Honey
« on: June 01, 2015, 04:03:15 am »
Not all fruits are climacteric (continue to ripen after picking). With non-climacteric fruits (such as blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, watermelons, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, lemons and limes), the general rule is the fresher, the better.

I tried testing climacteric fruits ripened very thoroughly, at the suggestion of raw vegans who seemed to know their fruits, but found that I actually had worse results that way with some and the safest course for me seemed to be to return to mostly minimizing intake of certain fruits like bananas and limit myself to wild berries and small amounts of other fruits. Then I learned from fellow RPD member MuhammadSunshine about prebiotics like resistant starch. I was "resistant" ;) to the info he shared at first, but eventually put it to the test and found that my experience has turned out to be the opposite of the standard advice when it comes to starchy fruit, such as bananas and plantains--that I have better blood glucose and less carb intolerance symptoms when I eat more of my fruits/carbs in less-ripened resistant form (I still like my fresh figs thoroughly ripe, though, and just limit my intake :)
 ). I wrote about it in resistant starch threads. Of course, YMMV and I'm not telling you what to do. Also, it hasn't been a cure-all panacea for me. I continue to learn and it's a work in progress for me.

And I actually got some of that annoying chapped lower lip (though no burning) after eating a mango today. It was less ripe than most I've had, so I'll keep your experience in mind, in case it's related (and I'm not certain that it was the mango that caused it). I know I have sometimes seemed to react to the acidity in certain foods and wonder if that could be a factor for me in less-ripe mango, though it wouldn't seem to explain why I handle lemons better than most fruits. It can be puzzling.

119
General Discussion / Re: Raw Paleo Honey / Honeycomb / Grubcomb
« on: May 30, 2015, 12:58:46 am »
Yes, P5P does help some with carb tolerance, less muscle tension, slightly cleaner teeth, slightly better mental clarity and performance, slightly better sleep, improved dream recall and more colorful dreams. All rather mild, though welcome, effects. Like most supplements, it helped early on the most (presumably because the deficiency improved as I took it). It seems to provide slightly better alcohol tolerance too, though I still have much lower tolerance than the avg person and far lower than the reports about my ancestors and traditional peoples in general.

I don't recall P5P helping that much with the lower lip chapping symptom from consuming easily-digestible glucose, but maybe I'm just forgetting. For some reason, that has been one of the more stubborn symptoms, though it too has improved during the last year or so. It seems more correlated with when I started consuming more prebiotic foods, especially resistant starch powders like potato starch, mung bean starch and tigernut flour and the whole foods that contain them, more so than with P5P. These aren't normally regarded as "Paleo" here, so I try not to anger folks by discussing them much. My long term goal is to get to the point where I no longer need the powders except for an occasional horchata beverage treat or energy boost and will be able to get all or nearly all the prebiotic sustenance I need from whole versions of the foods.

BTW, I don't mean to give the impression that I consider the lip chapping thing a serious issue. It's more of an early indicator of overdoing it on glucose, which I discovered through experience. Danny Roddy (a former member here) also had this symptom and in his case vitamin A helped the most. He thinks salt deficiency can also be a factor. For some reason, neither of those seemed to help me much, but prebiotics do seem to very gradually help. I'm also finding that I need less and less of various supplements, like P5P, potassium, zinc and magnesium and my fingernails and toenails are looking better. So maybe I'm slowly developing more good bacteria which are generating the nutrients I need.

My long-term goal is to get to the point where I don't need much in the way of supplements. I may always need vitamin D (whether internally or externally, we shall see), though, because it's difficult to get enough sunlight where I live and in this modern era. I just got a blood panel done today, so I'll get an update on the status of some vitamins, such as D, which I was very low in last time. Unfortunately, I wasn't good about taking D3 supplements recently, so it may not be much improved.

Speaking of alcohol tolerance, someone recently reported that the Elixa probiotic greatly helped them with that, and I have that on order, so it will be interesting to see if it does anything there, though that wasn't the primary reason I decided to try it.

It has been quite a while since I tried the unfermented version of Really Raw Honey. So regarding that, I was referring to a past comparison of the fermented vs. unfermented of that brand. At the time, I had tried the fermented variety first and I was curious as to how much of the superiority of that honey over other brands was due to the fermentation vs. the honey itself. For me, I found that fermentation accounted for most of the difference, which was a bit surprising even to me, because hardly anyone talks about fermentation (though there was a brief mention of it in an article at the WAPF site).

I did discuss before that the Really Raw customer service lady explained that they don't do anything to the honey to make it ferment aside from let it ferment naturally. However, she is not a beekeeper. My understanding is that the Really Raw people just buy the honey from beekeepers and tell the beekeepers their requirements about keeping it truly raw and such (and Really Raw honey is one that Aajonus himself personally verified as truly raw when tested randomly--it was from Aajonus that I found out about it, so I owe the guy a debt of gratitude on that--he really did know his honeys). I read beekeeping forums in the past, and what the beekeepers report is that when the honey is kept in a warm and humid environment is when it tends to ferment naturally, and they normally throw it out then, but the Really Raw people and some others buy it from beekeepers who are aware of the small demand for it from people who will even pay extra for it because they know about the taste, digestability, and health benefits.

The Really Raw folks are very nice about answering questions to the best of their ability. You can email or call them. If I ever get a jar of honey that's broken or too smoky (because the beekeeper overly smoked the bees when extracting the comb), they replace it free of charge.

I tried fermenting honey and making mead and failed miserably at it. I figure it's just as well, as I should probably try to improve my sugar and alcohol tolerance further before getting into making foods that contain either of them.

I haven't had Really Raw honey in a while, because I've been focusing on lowering the budget and trying to build up some savings, but I've got the budget in pretty good shape finally, so I'm looking forward to ordering that honey again. It's not for everyone (my nephews say they can taste the fermented taste, which I no longer could detect after the first couple teaspoons I tried--it just tastes nicely sweet and flavorful to me now--and say they don't like it--whereas I like the taste of fermented foods quite a bit).

120
General Discussion / Re: Raw Paleo Honey / Honeycomb / Grubcomb
« on: May 29, 2015, 10:42:12 am »
Interesting thought, though I can buy the fermented honey any time of the year without a problem, and it's made along the same general latitude in the next state over, though it is stored so it can ferment, so it's possible they use less sugar. On the other hand, I have the same problems (not quite as bad, but nearly so) with the exact same brand of honey when it's not fermented, and there the only difference is the fermenting. So the fermentation seems to be the key for me when it comes to wildflower honeys.

121
Primal Diet / Re: Raw Unheated Honey
« on: May 29, 2015, 10:30:14 am »
Pineapple and some unfermented honeys cause the most burning/itching for me, or at least used to. Pine nuts too. I get it mostly on the roof of my mouth, the back of my throat and the sides of my tongue. I seem to get less of the burning these days, so I occasionally have a small amount of fresh pineapple. I don't get it from mango, at least not that I notice. I love atulfo mangoes.

122
General Discussion / Re: Raw Paleo Honey / Honeycomb / Grubcomb
« on: May 29, 2015, 09:53:33 am »
With all the talk of honeycomb I bought some local truly raw unheated honeycomb from a local beekeeper source I hadn't tried yet. It was awful and it didn't provide any of the mild benefit I get from the raw fermented honey. It even gave me mild nausea and malaise, which the wax unfortunately didn't help with. If I tried to eat more than a small amount, the nausea increased. Ended up throwing much of it out, which I never do with good honey. I much prefer the raw fermented honey and the liquidy yet truly raw tree honeys like raw neem honey. The honeycomb honey was liquidy inside the comb too because it was rather fresh and hadn't thickened much yet, despite being an ordinary clover/wildflower honey that does thicken. I think I've had it with unfermented clover and wildflower honeys. Never again. The fermented honey is also a wildflower honey, yet it gives me benefits instead of problems.

I can eat a whole one pound jar of the fermented stuff (I tried that once out of curiosity when Brady said he did that daily) without noticeable ill effects aside from higher blood sugar and a slightly chapped lower lip that quickly healed and then was in better shape than it had been before. I actually felt better after I ate that one pound jar of fermented honey than I did before, which made Brady's claim about eating a pound a day of raw honey and benefiting believable (I don't think it's a good idea to do that endlessly on a daily basis, though).

I should have guessed. I've had back luck with local honeycombs. Only good honeycomb I've had I had to order via the Internet.

123
General Discussion / Re: Salt is even worse than thought!
« on: May 20, 2015, 09:13:52 am »
"Interestingly, eating no salt at all was also found to delay puberty"

124
Quote
Subsistence and Commercial Activities. About 90 percent of the Dani diet is sweet potatoes. They are grown in the complex, ditched field systems surrounding the compounds. The men prepare the fields with fire-hardened digging sticks, and women do most of the planting, weeding, and harvesting. The ditch systems capture streams and run the water through the garden beds. In wet periods, the ditches drain off excess water. These gardens usually go through a fallow cycle, and when they are again cleared, the rich ditch mud is plastered on the garden beds. Dani living near the edges of the Grand Valley may also practice slash and burn horticulture on the flanking slopes. Because of the absence of marked growing seasons, the sweet potatoes are harvested daily throughout the year. In addition to sweet potatoes, Grand Valley Dani grow small amounts of taro, yams, sugar cane, bananas, cucumbers, a thick succulent grass, ginger, and tobacco. Pandanus, both the kind with brown nuts and the kind with red fruit, is harvested in the high forests, and now the trees are increasingly planted around the valley floor compounds. Although the Western Dani had adopted many Western fruits and vegetables, especially maize, before actual contact, the Grand Valley Dani are more conservative and even by the 1980s only minor amounts of a few Western foods were grown there. Domestic pigs are an important part of the Dani diet, as well as being major items in the exchanges at every ceremony. The pigs live on household garbage, and forage in forests and fallow gardens. Pigs are tempting targets for theft and so are a major cause of serious social conflict. The Grand Valley itself is so densely populated that little significant wildlife is available for hunting. A few men who live on the edge of the Valley keep dogs and hunt for tree kangaroos and the like in the flanking high forests. In the Grand Valley, there were no fish until the Dutch began to introduce them in the 1960s. The only water creatures which the Dani ate were crayfish from the larger streams.

http://www.everyculture.com/Oceania/Dani-Economy.html

125
Cool, I've read that yacon is quite tasty. Wish I had access to it. Yacon is another tuber that is low in starch and high in other prebiotics (reportedly inulin and oligofructose), which is good too, because research by Jeff Leach and others suggests that species variety is beneficial to the GI microbiome and thus to us.

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